2.2.4 Fingerprinting Custom Applications

Fingerprinting Custom Applications

When dealing with custom applications, particularly those tailored for a specific organization, a thorough approach is required to understand their intricacies. Below is a detailed breakdown of the fingerprinting process, with specific examples related to your message.

Initial Overview

• Understand the Scope:

  • Questions to Address:

    • What is the primary purpose of the application?

    • Does it facilitate user registration?

    • Is there an administration panel?

    • What types of user input are accepted?

    • Does it allow file uploads?

    • Does it utilize JavaScript, AJAX, or Flash?

  • Example:

    • Suppose you're auditing a custom application for a financial institution. Understanding whether it enables online banking, user registrations, and financial transactions is crucial.

• Visit the Website:

  • Questions to Answer:

    • What is the application's core functionality?

    • Does it involve online sales, corporate presence, or blogging?

    • Are there specific areas that require user authentication?

  • Example:

    • While navigating the website, you may discover that the application is primarily focused on corporate financial management and includes a secure login area for clients.

• Consider Common Software:

  • Example:

    • Even in a custom application, you might find integrated functionalities such as forums or blogs. Recognizing these can be essential, as they may introduce vulnerabilities commonly associated with off-the-shelf software.

Burp Target Crawler

• Proxy Setup:

  • Tool:

    • Utilize Burp Proxy for browsing, enabling the configuration of a scope through regular expressions.

  • Example:

    • Configure Burp Proxy to intercept requests related to user authentication or financial transactions within the application.

• Crawling with Burp:

  • Tool:

    • Enable the Burp crawler (Spider tab) to automatically generate and record requests and response headers.

  • Example:

    • The crawler will traverse through different sections of the financial application, capturing relevant information about the structure and behavior.

Creating a Functional Graph

• Study the Target:

  • Questions to Answer:

    • What is the primary purpose of each section?

    • Are there specific functionalities tied to user authentication?

    • What are the critical areas, such as eCommerce or client dashboards?

  • Example:

    • Identify that the eCommerce section is a core element, and there are login-protected areas containing sensitive financial data.

• Study the Blocks:

  • Example:

    • Recognize that certain blocks may use third-party components, like a financial analytics tool or a secure payment gateway. Note any login-protected areas with a rhombus symbol.

• Functional Graph:

  • Example:

    • Visualize the eCommerce block as a green hexagon, indicating its significance. The graph helps illustrate the application's structure and critical components.

Mapping the Attack Surface

• Client-Side Validation:

  • Identification:

    • Locate client-side validation points by inspecting JavaScript functions triggered upon form submission.

  • Example:

    • Use tools like Firebug to identify JavaScript functions that validate user inputs in financial transaction forms.

• Database Interaction:

  • Detection:

    • Identify changes in page appearance indicating active database interaction, as this may hint at SQL injection vulnerabilities.

  • Example:

    • Notice that certain pages dynamically update based on user queries, potentially indicating database interactions for financial data retrieval.

• File Uploading and Downloading:

  • Example:

    • Identify pages that allow dynamic downloads or file uploads. These areas might pose risks related to Remote or Local File Inclusion vulnerabilities.

• Display of User Supplied Data:

  • Example:

    • Locate sections displaying user-supplied data, which could be vulnerable to Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) attacks.

• Redirections:

  • Example:

    • Investigate server-side directives and meta refresh tags. Improper handling could lead to HTTP response splitting and other attacks.

• Access Controls and Login Protected Pages:

  • Example:

    • Identify login pages and areas protected by authentication. Test the security of these authentication routines.

• Error Messages:

  • Example:

    • Collect error messages encountered during browsing. While intentional error generation may come later, noting spontaneous errors is crucial.

Charting

• Organize Information:

  • Example:

    • Use a table-based chart to categorize information for each block, including client-side validation, redirections, database interaction, errors, display of user data, and login details.