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Installation
Apache Tomcat depends on Java, so the Java JDK must be installed on your server. Use the following command to install it:
sudo apt install openjdk-21-jdk
Create a new user named tomcat with the following command:
sudo useradd -m -U -d /opt/tomcat -s /bin/false tomcat
Download the Tomcat tar.gz file from the official website.
Download the latest version to the Ubuntu machine and extract the files:
wget https://dlcdn.apache.org/tomcat/tomcat-11/v11.0.0/bin/apache-tomcat-11.0.0.tar.gz
tar -xvf apache-tomcat-11.0.0.tar.gz
Move the extracted folder to the /opt/tomcat directory, assign ownership to the tomcat user, and set execution permissions for the binary files:
mv apache-tomcat-11.0.0/* /opt/tomcat
chown -R tomcat: /opt/tomcat
sh -c 'chmod +x /opt/tomcat/bin/*.sh'
Create a tomcat.service file in the /etc/systemd/system/ directory with the following content:
[Unit]
Description=Apache Tomcat
After=network.target
[Service]
Type=forking
User=tomcat
Group=tomcat
Environment=JAVA_HOME=/usr/lib/jvm/java-21-openjdk-amd64
Environment=CATALINA_PID=/opt/tomcat/tomcat.pid
Environment=CATALINA_HOME=/opt/tomcat
Environment=CATALINA_BASE=/opt/tomcat
Environment="CATALINA_OPTS=-Xms512M -Xmx1024M -server -XX:+UseParallelGC"
ExecStart=/opt/tomcat/bin/startup.sh
ExecStop=/opt/tomcat/bin/shutdown.sh
ExecReload=/bin/kill $MAINPID
RemainAfterExit=yes
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
Reload the systemd daemon to apply the changes:
systemctl daemon-reload
Enable the Tomcat service to start automatically on reboot:
systemctl enable --now tomcat
Check the Tomcat server status:
systemctl status tomcat
Configuration
Once installation is complete, configure the Tomcat server.
To set an admin user password, modify the tomcat-users.xml file:
nvim /opt/tomcat/conf/tomcat-users.xml
If neovim is not installed, install it using:
sudo apt install neovim
Add the following lines before the closing </tomcat-users> tag:
xmlCopia codice<role rolename="admin-gui"/>
<role rolename="manager-gui"/>
<user username="admin" password="password" roles="admin-gui,manager-gui"/>
To enable remote access for the Tomcat Manager, edit the context.xml file in both the manager and host-manager directories:
nvim /opt/tomcat/webapps/manager/META-INF/context.xml
nvim /opt/tomcat/webapps/host-manager/META-INF/context.xml
Remove the following line from both files:
<Valve className="org.apache.catalina.valves.RemoteAddrValve"
allow="127\.\d+\.\d+\.\d+|::1|0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1" />
Restart the Tomcat service:
systemctl restart tomcat
Verify that the Tomcat server is running on port 8080.
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